Global And China EV Charging Port Equipment Industry Report, 2014-2015 - Market Trends, Growth

Description

It is a consensus of all mankind to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and dependence on oil. The concept that electric vehicles (EVs) can be an effective tool to cut carbon emissions has been widely accepted, and nations all over the world are promoting EVs.

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As EVs need to be charged by charging stations, a certain amount of charging stations are essential for promoting new energy vehicles. And charging facilities like charging stations are hardware for the development of EVs, perfect supporting charging facilities will be the key to massive roll-out of EVs. Therefore, EVs and charging facilities are supplementary to each other.

In 2013, global sales volume of EVs totaled 228,000, 17,600 of which were contributed by China. It is predicted that the figure in China will reach 50,000 in 2014 and surge to 146,000 in 2016.

By the end of 2013, State Grid had built 19,000 EV charging piles and 400 charging/battery swap stations (including 209 charging stations and 191 battery swap stations), in contrast to 3,528 charging piles and 118 charging/battery swap stations established by China Southern Power Grid, which lays stress on the construction of intelligent charging/battery swap service network in the Pearl River Delta region.

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The connection between charging station and EVs lies in the process of charging, which depends crucially on identification and communication of charging port. The standards for charging port, part of all-important basic ones, involve EVs, charging infrastructure and charging equipment. Hence unification of domestic standards and coordination of world standards are of great significance for promoting EVs.

EV charging ports can be divided into four systems, which have different standards under various conditions of power supply. In the case of AC power, the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard enjoys a wider scope of uses, while GB 20234 and SAE J1772 are partly adopted by China and the United States in the four regions with rapid development of EVs; under the DC power supply, Europe fully adopts the IEC standard, China GB 20234, the U.S. SAE+IEC and Japan CHAdeMO+IEC. Moreover, only Europe and the U.S. propose the application of combined charging port.

EV AC charging standards have differences only in aspects of physical interface and electrical/voltage signals, since AC charging is a process in which power source is supplied to on-board motor; with respect to DC charging, communications protocol is needed, and it is a process in which power source is directly supplied to EVs by off-board motor. China and Japan adopt CAN, compared with PLC employed by the U.S. and Europe, which causes difficulty in unifying DC charging standards.

Concerning AC charging in the Chinese charging pile market, the disunity of physical size of charging port can be solved by using adapter or vehicles’ own cable, thus basically realizing interchangeability of charging. AC charging piles will be built by State Grid, parking lots and carmakers in a parallel way; with respect to DC charging, State Grid dominates the construction of DC charging piles, and European and American carmakers can only make small-scale progress in some regions. Furthermore, in order to massively import EVs to the Chinese market, these foreign carmakers have to change communications protocol to accommodate international DC charging communications protocols.

Table of Content

1. Concepts about Charging Port
1.1 Charging Station
1.1.1 Definition and Classification
1.1.2 Structure
1.1.3 Charging Industry Chain
1.2 Charging Port
1.2.1 Charging Port and Communications Protocol
1.2.2 Classification
1.2.3 Characteristics

2 Global and China EV Market
2.1 Development Worldwide
2.2 Global
2.2.1 Overall
2.2.2 USA
2.2.3 Europe
2.2.4 Japan
2.3 China
2.3.1 Policy Environment
2.3.2 Overall EV Market
2.3.3 Electric Bus Market

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China Pre-School Education(Kindergarten)Industry Research Report,2014 - Market Trends, Share

Description

As of the end of 2013, China had a total of 198,553 kindergartens, rising 17,302, or 9.5% from 2012. The number of kindergartens there saw annual average expansion of 3,637 during 2003-2009 and 16,044 during 2010-2013. In the year 2013, the country’s new entrants to kindergarten amounted to 19,700,271, an increase of 581,117 or 3.0% over the last year; enrollments of kindergartens grew by 2,089,279 or 5.7% from 2012 to 38,946,903; gross enrollment rate of 3-year preschool education i.e. the proportion of school-age children (3-5 years old) in kindergartens attained 67.5%, up 3 percentage points from 2012 and 16.6 percentage points against 2009.

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In China, private kindergartens developed faster than public ones in recent years. By the end of 2013, there were 133,451 private kindergartens, a jump of 8,813 or 7.1% from 2012, accounting for 67.2% of the total number of kindergartens nationwide. 9,079,575 new entrants and 19,902,536 enrollments were recorded by private kindergartens in 2013, making up 46.1% and 51.1% of that of kindergartens all over the country.

By province or municipality, due to differences in factors like economy, population, society and culture, a fairly large gap exists as concerns the development level of preschool education. By the end of 2013, top 5 provinces that had the largest number of kindergartens were Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, Hunan and Sichuan with 18,528, 14,485, 13,793, 12,236 and 11,759 kindergartens, accounting for 9.3%, 7.3%, 6.9%, 6.2% and 5.9% of the country’s total, respectively. However, seen from the gross enrollment rate of 3-year preschool education, the top five in 2013 were Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Guangdong – mainly economically developed eastern regions.

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China’s preschool education industry will maintain a momentum of rapid growth. The problem of “kindergarten crunch” and expensive access to kindergarten won’t be fully solved in the short run, yet central government and governments at all levels will strongly support the development of preschool education, and counties will carry out a new round of “three year (2014-2016) action plan”. From the prospective of population, gross enrollment rate of 3-year preschool education was 67.5% in 2013, with remaining 32.5% of school-age children still being unable to attend kindergarten. Meanwhile, with a gradual opening of a two-child per family policy, every year will see an addition of 2 million infants over the next five years. Seen from consumption environment, due to improvement in income level of Chinese residents, parents will invest more in children's education and pursue high-quality preschool education.

Table of Content

1. Development of China Education Industry
1.1 Comparison of Schools/Students
1.1.1 Number of Schools
1.1.2 Number of Students
1.2 Education Funding
1.3 Education Spending

2. Development Environment of China Kindergarten Industry
2.1 Preschool Education
2.2 Kindergarten Education
2.2.1 Definition
2.2.2 Classification
2.3 Policies

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